The Mosetén are a population of horticulturalists living in the Bolivian lowlands. They are one of the 36 pueblos indígenas recognized by the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Members of this community live in three the departments called Beni, La Paz, and Cochabamba. They are also owners of two areas of protected tribal lands called the Tierras Comunitarias de Origen. Government censuses estimate that there are approximately 8,000 members of the Mosetén tribe (Pueblo Indígena Mosetén). They have close historical connections with the neighboring community called Tsimane, they share the official language and subsistence practices of mixed horticulture, hunting, fishing, and gathering.

Mosetén families live off agriculture. The main crops grown in the farms are cassava and rice. Citrus and cocoa are also largely grown. Communities with access to roads also produce surplus fruits, such as bananas, that they sell to merchants. For communities that do not yet have access to roads, resources such as fishing, hunting and gathering are still abundant.